Mirrored: 29th of April 2024, 05:02 Settings: Loading the mirror... Original: www.britannica.com Views: 1630, 1630 today
(BUTTON) [1]Encyclopedia Britannica Search Britannica ____________________ (BUTTON) (BUTTON) Click here to search [2]Encyclopedia Britannica Search Britannica ____________________ (BUTTON) (BUTTON) Click here to search (BUTTON) Login [3]Subscribe [4]Subscribe * [5]Home * [6]Games & Quizzes * [7]History & Society * [8]Science & Tech * [9]Biographies * [10]Animals & Nature * [11]Geography & Travel * [12]Arts & Culture * [13]Money * [14]Videos * [15]On This Day * [16]One Good Fact * [17]Dictionary * [18]New Articles [19]History & Society * [20]Lifestyles & Social Issues * [21]Philosophy & Religion * [22]Politics, Law & Government * [23]World History [24]Science & Tech * [25]Health & Medicine * [26]Science * [27]Technology [28]Biographies * [29]Browse Biographies [30]Animals & Nature * [31]Birds, Reptiles & Other Vertebrates * [32]Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates * [33]Environment * [34]Fossils & Geologic Time * [35]Mammals * [36]Plants [37]Geography & Travel * [38]Geography & Travel [39]Arts & Culture * [40]Entertainment & Pop Culture * [41]Literature * [42]Sports & Recreation * [43]Visual Arts * [44]Companions * [45]Demystified * [46]Image Galleries * [47]Infographics * [48]Lists * [49]Podcasts * [50]Spotlights * [51]Summaries * [52]The Forum * [53]Top Questions * [54]#WTFact * [55]100 Women * [56]Britannica Kids * [57]Saving Earth * [58]Space Next 50 * [59]Student Center [60]Home[61] Games & Quizzes[62] History & Society[63] Science & Tech[64] Biographies[65] Animals & Nature[66] Geography & Travel[67] Arts & Culture[68] Money[69] Videos (BUTTON) (BUTTON) [70]Kendrick Lamar (BUTTON) Table of Contents Introduction [71]References & Edit History [72]Quick Facts & Related Topics [73]Images [74]Kendrick Lamar [75]Kendrick Lamar [76]Kendrick Lamar (BUTTON) (BUTTON) Quizzes [77]USA 2006 - 78th Annual Academy Awards. Closeup of giant Oscar statue at the entrance of the Kodak Theatre in Los Angeles, California. Hompepage blog 2009, arts and entertainment, film movie hollywood [78]Pop Culture Quiz Related Questions * [79]What is a Grammy Award? * [80]Who gives out the Grammy Awards? * [81]What is the Latin Grammy Award? * [82]What are the four main elements of hip-hop? * [83]How did hip-hop get its name? Read Next [84]the Beatles. Publicity still from Help! (1965) directed by Richard Lester starring The Beatles (John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr) a British musical quartet. film rock music movie [85]What's the Difference Between Tempo and Rhythm? [86]Woman Playing a Theorbo to Two Men, oil on canvas by Gerard Terborch, 1667-1668. (Baroque Art) [87]What's That Sound?: 8 Intriguing Early Musical Instruments [88]The last big concert of Jimi Hendrix before he died in London was in Germany on the isle of Fehmarn 6th of September 1970. The festival was called Love-and-Peace-Festival. [89]Is 27 an Especially Deadly Age for Musicians? [90]Computer mapping, woman at early 1990s computer [91]Timeline of the 1990s Discover [92]Encyclopaedia Britannica First Edition: Volume 1, Plate XXXVIII, Figure 2, Ark, Ark of the Covenant, a small chest, coffer, contains Aaron's rod, manna pot, tables of covenant, Schechinah, Divine Presence, oracle, shittim-wood, acacia tree [93]Where Is the Ark of the Covenant? [94]The Titanic. (disasters, ships) [95]Timeline of the Titanic's Final Hours [96]Statue of Liberty in front of the skyline of Manhattan, New York City, New York. [97]Who Was the Woman Behind the Statue of Liberty? [98]Vietnam War. U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson awards the Distinguished Service Cross to First Lieutenant Marty A. Hammer, during a visit to military personnel, Cam Ranh Bay, South Vietnam, October 26, 1966. President Johnson [99]Vietnam War Timeline [100]A Factory Interior, watercolor, pen and gray ink, graphite, and white goache on wove paper by unknown artist, c. 1871-91; in the Yale Center for British Art. Industrial Revolution England [101]Inventors and Inventions of the Industrial Revolution [102]King Cobra snake in Malaysia. (reptile) [103]9 of the World's Deadliest Snakes [104]William Shakespeare [105]The Death of Shakespeare (BUTTON) (BUTTON) Contents [106]Home [107]Entertainment & Pop Culture [108]Music, Contemporary Genres [109]Rap & Hip-Hop Music Kendrick Lamar American musician (BUTTON) Actions (BUTTON) Cite verifiedCite While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Select Citation Style [MLA____________________] (BUTTON) Copy Citation (BUTTON) Share Share Share to social media [110]Facebook [111]Twitter URL [112]https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kendrick-Lamar (BUTTON) Give Feedback (BUTTON) External Websites Feedback Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Feedback Type [Select a type (Required)___] Your Feedback ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ (BUTTON) Submit Feedback Thank you for your feedback Our editors will review what you've submitted and determine whether to revise the article. External Websites * [113]AllMusic - Kendrick Lamar * [114]All American Entertainment Speakers - Kendrick Lamar Britannica Websites Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. * [115]Kendrick Lamar - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) [116]Print (BUTTON) Cite verifiedCite While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Select Citation Style [MLA____________________] (BUTTON) Copy Citation (BUTTON) Share Share Share to social media [117]Facebook [118]Twitter URL [119]https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kendrick-Lamar (BUTTON) Feedback (BUTTON) (BUTTON) External Websites Feedback Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Feedback Type [Select a type (Required)___] Your Feedback ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ (BUTTON) Submit Feedback Thank you for your feedback Our editors will review what you've submitted and determine whether to revise the article. External Websites * [120]AllMusic - Kendrick Lamar * [121]All American Entertainment Speakers - Kendrick Lamar Britannica Websites Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. * [122]Kendrick Lamar - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) Also known as: Kendrick Lamar Duckworth Written by [123] Pat Bauer Pat Bauer graduated from Ripon College in 1977 with a double major in Spanish and Theatre. She spent most of the next 42 years working as a copy editor and editor at Encyclopaedia Britannica. She retired... Pat Bauer Fact-checked by [124] The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Last Updated: Apr 27, 2024 o [125]Article History (BUTTON) Table of Contents [126]Kendrick Lamar (BUTTON) Kendrick Lamar (BUTTON) (BUTTON) [127]See all media In full: Kendrick Lamar Duckworth (BUTTON) (Show more) Born: June 17, 1987, [128]Compton, [129]California, U.S. (age 36) (BUTTON) (Show more) Awards And Honors: [130]Grammy Award (2023) [131]Grammy Award (2019) [132]Pulitzer Prize (2018) [133]Grammy Award (2018) [134]Grammy Award (2015) [135]Grammy Award (2014) (BUTTON) (Show more) Notable Works: [136]"DAMN." [137]"To Pimp a Butterfly" [138]"good kid, m.A.A.d. city" (BUTTON) (Show more) [139]See all related content -> Recent News Apr. 22, 2024, 12:27 AM ET (The Hindu) [140]Drake releases song with AI-generated vocals of rappers Tupac, Snoop Dogg Apr. 21, 2024, 5:35 AM ET (Billboard) [141]Drake Takes Aim at Kendrick Lamar With AI Tupac & Snoop Dogg Vocals on `Taylor Made Freestyle' Diss Track Apr. 16, 2024, 5:07 AM ET (Billboard) [142]Future, Metro Boomin & Kendrick Lamar's `Like That' Leads Hot 100 for Third Week Apr. 14, 2024, 2:10 AM ET (IMDb) [143]"Drake is literally telling Kendrick to drop and give him 50%": Drake's Cheeky Attack at Kendrick Lamar in His Leaked ... Apr. 12, 2024, 1:30 PM ET (Billboard) [144]J. Cole Removes Kendrick Lamar Diss `7 Minute Drill' From Streaming Services (BUTTON) Kendrick Lamar (born June 17, 1987, [145]Compton, [146]California, U.S.) American [147]rapper who achieved critical and commercial success with such albums as good kid, m.A.A.d city (2012) and To Pimp a Butterfly (2015). Duckworth grew up in a high-crime area of Compton, where, ironically, his parents had moved to escape a violent [148]milieu in [149]Chicago. He began writing rhymes as a young teenager, and he released his first mixtape, Youngest Head Nigga in Charge (2003), under the name K. Dot. The [150]music impressed Anthony Tiffith, head of the newly formed record label Top Dawg Entertainment, and he signed the musician. Duckworth put out two more mixtapes as K. Dot--Training Day (2005) and C4 (2009)--before releasing Overly Dedicated (2010) as Kendrick Lamar. He became a popular guest performer on tracks put out by other rappers and also joined fellow Top Dawg artists Ab-Soul, Jay Rock, and ScHoolboy Q in a [151]hip-hop [152]collective known as Black Hippy. In 2011 Top Dawg made Lamar's album Section.80 available on [153]iTunes, and at a concert that same year Lamar was ceremonially declared the "new king of the West Coast" by veteran [154]rap artists Game, [155]Snoop Dogg, and [156]Dr. Dre. [157]USA 2006 - 78th Annual Academy Awards. Closeup of giant Oscar statue at the entrance of the Kodak Theatre in Los Angeles, California. Hompepage blog 2009, arts and entertainment, film movie hollywood Britannica Quiz Pop Culture Quiz [158]Kendrick Lamar (BUTTON) [159]Kendrick Lamar Kendrick Lamar, 2013. (BUTTON) (more) In 2012 Lamar signed with Dr. Dre's label Aftermath Entertainment and released his first LP, good kid, m.A.A.d. City; it debuted at number 2 on the Billboard 200 chart and yielded the R&B/hip-hop hits "Swimming Pools (Drank)" and "Poetic Justice." Critics noted that it was a concept album with an autobiographical narrative. Lamar was nominated for seven 2013 [160]Grammy Awards, including best album and best new artist, but failed to win. The following year, however, his single "i" took the awards for best rap song and best rap performance. In 2015 Lamar released To Pimp a Butterfly, which was a huge success. The album broke a Spotify record--being streamed more than 9.6 million times--within a week of its release, and U.S. Pres. [161]Barack Obama declared that the single "How Much a Dollar Cost" was his favourite song of 2015. The following year Lamar received 11 Grammy [162]nominations, and he won for best rap performance and best rap song (both for "Alright"), best rap/sung collaboration (for "These Walls"), best [163]music video (for "Bad Blood"), and best rap album (for To Pimp a Butterfly). He also enlivened the ceremony with a vivid performance of "The Blacker the Berry." In March 2016 Lamar unexpectedly released a new album, untitled unmastered, consisting of eight tracks that he described as unfinished demos. Later that year he was nominated for two Grammy Awards, both for his contribution to [164]Beyonc�'s song "Freedom" from her popular 2016 album [165]Lemonade. In 2017 Lamar released another album, titled DAMN., which featured the hit song "HUMBLE." and was well received by fans and critics alike. He won Grammys for best rap album (DAMN.), best rap song, rap performance, and music video (all for "HUMBLE."), and best rap/sung performance ("LOYALTY."; with [166]Rihanna). In addition, DAMN. was the first nonclassical or jazz recording to be awarded the [167]Pulitzer Prize for music. In 2018 the soundtrack for the film [168]Black Panther was released. Lamar produced and [169]curated the album, a collection of songs "from and inspired by" the movie, and he performed on every track. The single "King's Dead," which also featured Jay Rock, Future, and James Blake, won a Grammy for best rap performance. Lamar later performed with [170]Snoop Dogg, [171]Dr. Dre, [172]Mary J. Blige, and other hip-hop stars at the [173]Super Bowl halftime show in 2022. Later that year he released his fifth studio album, Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers. The 18-track recording features collaborations with a [174]diverse range of musicians and was noted for its complexity and introspection. It won Grammys for best rap album, rap song, and rap performance; the latter two awards were for "The Heart Part 5." Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [175]Subscribe Now [176]Pat Bauer [177]The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica IFRAME: [178]//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5W6NC8 References 1. https://www.britannica.com/ 2. https://www.britannica.com/ 3. https://subscription.britannica.com/subscribe?partnerCode=BP_GN_NAC_EUR 4. https://premium.britannica.com/premium-membership/?utm_source=premium&utm_medium=global-nav-mobile&utm_campaign=evergreen 5. https://www.britannica.com/ 6. https://www.britannica.com/quiz/browse 7. https://www.britannica.com/History-Society 8. https://www.britannica.com/Science-Tech 9. https://www.britannica.com/Biographies 10. https://www.britannica.com/Animals-Nature 11. https://www.britannica.com/Geography-Travel 12. https://www.britannica.com/Arts-Culture 13. https://www.britannica.com/money 14. https://www.britannica.com/videos 15. https://www.britannica.com/on-this-day 16. https://www.britannica.com/one-good-fact 17. https://www.britannica.com/dictionary 18. https://www.britannica.com/new-articles 19. https://www.britannica.com/History-Society 20. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Lifestyles-Social-Issues 21. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Philosophy-Religion 22. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Politics-Law-Government 23. https://www.britannica.com/browse/World-History 24. https://www.britannica.com/Science-Tech 25. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Health-Medicine 26. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Science 27. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Technology 28. https://www.britannica.com/Biographies 29. https://www.britannica.com/browse/biographies 30. https://www.britannica.com/Animals-Nature 31. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Birds-Reptiles-Vertebrates 32. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates 33. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Environment 34. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Fossil-Geologic-Time 35. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Mammals 36. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Plants 37. https://www.britannica.com/Geography-Travel 38. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Geography-Travel 39. https://www.britannica.com/Arts-Culture 40. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Entertainment-Pop-Culture 41. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Literature 42. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Sports-Recreation 43. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Visual-Arts 44. https://www.britannica.com/stories/companion 45. https://www.britannica.com/stories/demystified 46. https://www.britannica.com/gallery/browse 47. https://www.britannica.com/study/infographics 48. https://www.britannica.com/list/browse 49. https://www.britannica.com/podcasts 50. https://www.britannica.com/stories/spotlight 51. https://www.britannica.com/summary 52. https://www.britannica.com/stories/the-forum 53. https://www.britannica.com/question 54. https://www.britannica.com/stories/wtfact 55. https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/ 56. https://kids.britannica.com/ 57. https://www.britannica.com/explore/savingearth/ 58. https://www.britannica.com/explore/space/ 59. https://www.britannica.com/study/ 60. https://www.britannica.com/ 61. https://www.britannica.com/quiz/browse 62. https://www.britannica.com/History-Society 63. https://www.britannica.com/Science-Tech 64. https://www.britannica.com/Biographies 65. https://www.britannica.com/Animals-Nature 66. https://www.britannica.com/Geography-Travel 67. https://www.britannica.com/Arts-Culture 68. https://www.britannica.com/money 69. https://www.britannica.com/videos 70. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kendrick-Lamar 71. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kendrick-Lamar/additional-info 72. https://www.britannica.com/facts/Kendrick-Lamar 73. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kendrick-Lamar/images-videos 74. https://cdn.britannica.com/35/193135-050-D792CB71/Kendrick-Lamar-BET-Awards-June-28-2015.jpg 75. https://cdn.britannica.com/78/193578-050-82D1BD28/Kendrick-Lamar-2013.jpg 76. https://cdn.britannica.com/07/235607-050-611D5203/Kendrick-Lamar-wins-Pulitzer-Prize-2018.jpg 77. https://www.britannica.com/quiz/pop-culture-quiz 78. https://www.britannica.com/quiz/pop-culture-quiz 79. https://www.britannica.com/question/What-is-a-Grammy-Award 80. https://www.britannica.com/question/Who-gives-out-the-Grammy-Awards 81. https://www.britannica.com/question/What-is-the-Latin-Grammy-Award 82. https://www.britannica.com/question/What-are-the-four-main-elements-of-hip-hop 83. https://www.britannica.com/question/How-did-hip-hop-get-its-name 84. https://www.britannica.com/story/whats-the-difference-between-tempo-and-rhythm 85. https://www.britannica.com/story/whats-the-difference-between-tempo-and-rhythm 86. https://www.britannica.com/list/whats-that-sound-8-intriguing-early-musical-instruments 87. https://www.britannica.com/list/whats-that-sound-8-intriguing-early-musical-instruments 88. https://www.britannica.com/story/is-27-an-especially-deadly-age-for-musicians 89. https://www.britannica.com/story/is-27-an-especially-deadly-age-for-musicians 90. https://www.britannica.com/story/timeline-of-the-1990s 91. https://www.britannica.com/story/timeline-of-the-1990s 92. https://www.britannica.com/story/where-is-the-ark-of-the-covenant 93. https://www.britannica.com/story/where-is-the-ark-of-the-covenant 94. https://www.britannica.com/story/timeline-of-the-titanics-final-hours 95. https://www.britannica.com/story/timeline-of-the-titanics-final-hours 96. https://www.britannica.com/story/who-was-the-woman-behind-the-statue-of-liberty 97. https://www.britannica.com/story/who-was-the-woman-behind-the-statue-of-liberty 98. https://www.britannica.com/list/vietnam-war-timeline 99. https://www.britannica.com/list/vietnam-war-timeline 100. https://www.britannica.com/list/inventors-and-inventions-of-the-industrial-revolution 101. https://www.britannica.com/list/inventors-and-inventions-of-the-industrial-revolution 102. https://www.britannica.com/list/9-of-the-worlds-deadliest-snakes 103. https://www.britannica.com/list/9-of-the-worlds-deadliest-snakes 104. https://www.britannica.com/story/400th-anniversary-of-shakespeares-death 105. https://www.britannica.com/story/400th-anniversary-of-shakespeares-death 106. https://www.britannica.com/ 107. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Entertainment-Pop-Culture 108. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Contemporary-Music 109. https://www.britannica.com/browse/Rap-Hip-Hop-Music 110. https://www.facebook.com/BRITANNICA/ 111. https://twitter.com/britannica 112. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kendrick-Lamar 113. https://www.allmusic.com/artist/kendrick-lamar-mn0002709646/ 114. https://www.allamericanspeakers.com/celebritytalentbios/Kendrick+Lamar/390807 115. https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Kendrick-Lamar/631144 116. https://www.britannica.com/print/article/2053409 117. https://www.facebook.com/BRITANNICA/ 118. https://twitter.com/britannica 119. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kendrick-Lamar 120. https://www.allmusic.com/artist/kendrick-lamar-mn0002709646/ 121. https://www.allamericanspeakers.com/celebritytalentbios/Kendrick+Lamar/390807 122. https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Kendrick-Lamar/631144 123. https://www.britannica.com/editor/pat-bauer/3520770 124. https://www.britannica.com/editor/The-Editors-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica/4419 125. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kendrick-Lamar/additional-info#history 126. https://cdn.britannica.com/35/193135-050-D792CB71/Kendrick-Lamar-BET-Awards-June-28-2015.jpg 127. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kendrick-Lamar/images-videos 128. https://www.britannica.com/place/Compton-California 129. https://www.britannica.com/place/California-state 130. https://www.britannica.com/art/Grammy-Award 131. https://www.britannica.com/art/Grammy-Award 132. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pulitzer-Prize 133. https://www.britannica.com/art/Grammy-Award 134. https://www.britannica.com/art/Grammy-Award 135. https://www.britannica.com/art/Grammy-Award 136. https://www.britannica.com/topic/DAMN 137. https://www.britannica.com/topic/To-Pimp-a-Butterfly 138. https://www.britannica.com/topic/good-kid-mAAd-city 139. https://www.britannica.com/facts/Kendrick-Lamar 140. https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/drake-releases-song-with-ai-generated-vocals-of-rappers-tupac-snoop-dogg/article68093684.ece 141. https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/drake-taylor-made-freestyle-kendrick-lamar-diss-track-ai-tupac-snoop-dogg-1235661905/ 142. https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/future-metro-boomin-kendrick-lamar-like-that-hot-100-number-one-third-week-1235657169/ 143. https://m.imdb.com/news/ni64535676/ 144. https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/j-cole-removes-kendrick-lamar-diss-7-minute-drill-streaming-services-1235655544/ 145. https://www.britannica.com/place/Compton-California 146. https://www.britannica.com/place/California-state 147. https://www.britannica.com/art/rap 148. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/milieu 149. https://www.britannica.com/place/Chicago 150. https://www.britannica.com/art/music 151. https://www.britannica.com/art/hip-hop 152. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/collective 153. https://www.britannica.com/technology/iTunes 154. https://www.britannica.com/art/rap 155. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Snoop-Dogg 156. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dr-Dre 157. https://www.britannica.com/quiz/pop-culture-quiz 158. https://cdn.britannica.com/78/193578-050-82D1BD28/Kendrick-Lamar-2013.jpg 159. https://cdn.britannica.com/78/193578-050-82D1BD28/Kendrick-Lamar-2013.jpg 160. https://www.britannica.com/art/Grammy-Award 161. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Barack-Obama 162. https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/nominations 163. https://www.britannica.com/art/music-video 164. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Beyonce 165. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lemonade-by-Beyonce 166. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rihanna 167. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pulitzer-Prize 168. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Black-Panther 169. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/curated 170. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Snoop-Dogg 171. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dr-Dre 172. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-J-Blige 173. https://www.britannica.com/sports/Super-Bowl 174. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diverse 175. https://premium.britannica.com/premium-membership/?utm_source=inline&utm_medium=mendel&utm_campaign=evergreen 176. https://www.britannica.com/editor/pat-bauer/3520770 177. https://www.britannica.com/editor/The-Editors-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica/4419 178. https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5W6NC8